Time and Energy Management
Protect your focus and fuel your performance by treating time and energy as strategic assets.
The Guide
5 key steps synthesized from 15 experts.
Audit your actual transitions
Log your actual task switches in real-time for three days to capture a true trail of work. Analyze the discrepancy between what your calendar planned and what actually happened. This reveals hidden time leaks and the frequent interruptions that derail your focus.
Featured guest perspectives
"This is a technique that I call the switch lock. It's born out of the observation that your calendar says what you thought you were going to do, but it's really only your trail of work that describes what you actually did."— Rahul Vohra
"The frame of viewing my calendar as a tool for energy management was a game changer. I had to systematically think through how to manage energy troughs and maintain the right levels of energy across the week."— Lenny Rachitsky
Select and schedule a Daily Highlight
Identify one activity each day to be your primary focal point. Choose it by asking what you want to look back on with satisfaction at the end of the day. Block off 60 to 90 minutes of defended time on your calendar specifically for this anchor task.
Featured guest perspectives
"The notion with the highlight is imagine it's the end of the day if someone asks you, 'What was the highlight of your day,' what would you say? That's the anchor of everything. That's the core, that's the foundation."— Jake Knapp + John Zeratsky
Engineer deep-work buffers
Designate specific times, such as Friday afternoons or a full no-meeting day, to process information and synthesize insights. Use this time to stay out of Slack and focus on high-impact maker tasks. This prevents you from becoming a purely reactive logistical manager.
Featured guest perspectives
"And the one day I don't take meetings is on Friday, and that's the day I read documents carefully that people had sent me or reflect. And I think to myself, what is the thing that if I had done it before the week started would've saved me tons of time and effort that week?"— Alex Komoroske
"Implement Slack rituals and norms to create boundaries and make sure you don’t spend your entire day playing digital Whac-A-Mole. Don’t go into Slack for the first half of your day (or pick the best window for *your* time zone, cadence, and teammates)."— Lenny Rachitsky
Apply physiological regulation
When feeling overwhelmed, use bottom-up techniques like extended exhalations to shift your body from fight or flight to recovery mode. Practice 4-4-8 breathing or intentional screen-free breaks mid-morning and mid-afternoon. This resets your nervous system more effectively than mental reframing alone.
Featured guest perspectives
"But in my experience, working with the physiology, using what's known as a bottom up approach, primarily using the breath, although there's also other approaches that you can use, it's just such a rapidly more effective way of shifting your state."— Jonny Miller
"And so when we breathe in a way with say the exhale twice as long as the inhale, that part of the brain, the insular cortex then sends signals to the parasympathetic nervous system, which then has the cascading effect on our endocrine system and calms us down."— Jonny Miller
"One of the biggest hacks I’ve discovered is to take structured breaks throughout the workday. I put two 30-minute “DNS–Break” blocks on my calendar each day."— Lenny Rachitsky
Codify your 'No' with personal policies
Define clear personal policies for what you do and do not do, such as not taking coffee chats or unscheduled calls. Frame your rejections as pre-existing rules rather than judgments of the specific request. Use text expansion tools to deploy these polite, principled responses quickly.
Featured guest perspectives
"I created policies for myself like “I don’t do talks/podcasts/events/etc.” and “No CEOs, founders, or VCs on the podcast.” When I tell people that’s my policy, they totally understand and move on. Your policy could be things like “I’m not taking on any new projects until [Date]” or “I’m not adding anything to my todo list right now” or “I don’t say yes to anything on the spot”:"— Lenny Rachitsky
"Boundaries are what you tell someone else you will do, and it requires the other person to do nothing. Making a request, that's not a boundary."— Dr. Becky Kennedy
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Guest Perspectives
Deep dive into what 14 podcast guests shared about time and energy management.
Alex Komoroske
"And I take a lot of notes. And people, I tell people when I'm in meetings with them of like, 'If you see me on my phone or typing, that means I think you said something very interesting and I'm writing it down. It's not that I'm just that I'm disengaged. I try to collect all these ideas.' And then once a week, I go through, I take a few hours and I just reflect to myself and try to find patterns and unpack and find meaning and things."
- Capture notes immediately in meetings whenever someone says something interesting.
- Set aside a specific weekly block, such as Friday afternoon or the weekend, for pattern matching and reflection.
- Distill raw notes into a long-term format with enough context to remain useful years later.
"And the one day I don't take meetings is on Friday, and that's the day I read documents carefully that people had sent me or reflect. And I think to myself, what is the thing that if I had done it before the week started would've saved me tons of time and effort that week?"
- Designate one day a week as a strict no-meeting zone for deep work and reflection.
- Identify friction points from the current week that could be solved by a better system or document.
- Use a low-friction tool to capture raw thoughts immediately so they don't get lost in a busy schedule.
Anneka Gupta
"My one mindset that I really have leaned into after someone actually gave me advice on this is to figure out how to have fun in my job, even in the most difficult of times. The reason why I say that is because when you're hit with really hard times, it's easy to operate from a mindset of scarcity and to look at everything as an unachievable hurdle to overcome. And when I was able to switch my mindset and say, 'Well, I'm actually going to figure out a way to have fun with this,' it actually changed my entire for how to deal with super difficult situations."
- Identify one specific thing you can learn or one positive outcome that can come from a challenging situation.
- Bring humor and levity into meetings to elevate your own mood and shift the team's approach to solving big problems.
- Architect your day to maximize personal energy, scheduling your most difficult tasks for when you are at your mental peak.
Dr. Becky Kennedy
"Boundaries are what you tell someone else you will do, and it requires the other person to do nothing. Making a request, that's not a boundary."
- Define your boundary by what you will do in response to a situation.
- Distinguish clearly between making a request and setting a firm boundary.
- Communicate limits without expecting the other person to change their behavior.
Jake Knapp + John Zeratsky
"The notion with the highlight is imagine it's the end of the day if someone asks you, 'What was the highlight of your day,' what would you say? That's the anchor of everything. That's the core, that's the foundation."
- Identify one activity to be the primary focal point of your day.
- Choose your highlight by asking what you want to look back on with satisfaction at the end of the day.
- Use your daily highlight as a psychological foundation to feel good about your energy expenditure, even if other tasks are messy.
"So, basically if you can pull to refresh or if it streams, it's an infinity pool. So, this is pure entertainment stuff. This is stuff that people say like, 'Oh, I spend so much time on Instagram,' but it's also stuff that's important and necessary and productive."
- Identify apps with 'pull to refresh' or streaming feeds as potential time sinks.
- Recognize that 'productive' tools like email can function as infinity pools just as easily as entertainment apps.
- Build physical or digital barriers by changing the default settings on your devices to reduce friction-free access to these pools.
Joe Hudson
"If you say, I'm going to figure out how to enjoy what I do 10% more and you succeed, you are 10% more efficient. Not only that, usually, the quality is going to get a lot better too."
- Focus on finding ways to enjoy your current tasks 10% more rather than waiting for external circumstances to change.
- Use increased enjoyment as a primary leverage point for professional productivity.
- Observe the correlation between your daily enjoyment levels and the quality of your work.
John Mark Nickels
"And so when I think a thought like, Dara might think I suck and then I have a thought that I suck, that can become a self-enforcing negative feedback loop where I have a thought that creates stress, anxiety, fear, and then that triggers more thoughts and we call it cognitive emotive loop where you're kind of in this cycle of thinking stressful thoughts and then having unpleasant, anxious, fearful feelings. And so one way to break that is to just allow it and not try to fight it with other thoughts."
- Identify the 'cognitive emotive loop' where a stressful thought triggers an anxious feeling that generates more thoughts.
- Allow negative thoughts and emotions to exist without attempting to suppress them or convince yourself otherwise.
- Acknowledge that you do not need executive approval to be okay or to maintain your self-worth.
Jonny Miller
"But in my experience, working with the physiology, using what's known as a bottom up approach, primarily using the breath, although there's also other approaches that you can use, it's just such a rapidly more effective way of shifting your state."
- Use 'bottom-up' physiological techniques like breathwork to change your state more effectively than logic alone.
- Defocus your gaze and relax your eyes to expand your spatial awareness and reduce physiological intensity.
- Practice specific breathing exercises where the exhale is significantly longer than the inhale before a high-stakes event.
"And when the inhale is either more intense or twice as long as the exhale, it has an activating effect. So you can kind of think of this as an up or down lever on the nervous system."
- Perform inhalations that are more intense or longer than exhalations to trigger an activating effect on the nervous system.
- Breathe shallowly and rapidly into the upper chest to consciously activate the endocrine system and increase adrenaline.
- Think of the inhale as an 'up lever' to overcome lethargy without relying on caffeine.
"And so when we breathe in a way with say the exhale twice as long as the inhale, that part of the brain, the insular cortex then sends signals to the parasympathetic nervous system, which then has the cascading effect on our endocrine system and calms us down."
- Extend your exhalations to be twice as long as your inhalations to trigger the calming effect of the parasympathetic nervous system.
- Practice 4-4-8 breathing (inhale for four, hold for four, exhale for eight) for a few minutes to transition out of intense work.
- Expand your awareness to the space around and behind you to facilitate a deeper state of physiological relaxation.
Mayur Kamat
"What is the most leveraged decision you could be working on right now? If it is for your growth, it's the onboarding, then you'd better know exact every single screen of the flow, why is there a drop-off and what are your teams doing for it?"
- Identify the one metric or flow that serves as the primary bottleneck for growth and master its details.
- Break down complex funnels into granular cells, such as document types by country, to spot hidden levers.
- Redirect significant resources to solve a singular high-leverage problem once it is identified.
Nir Eyal
"The problem is not our technology. The problem is our inability to deal with discomfort. So, what I have adopted for myself and what I'd advise anyone who finds themselves in this situation is to always identify what is that internal trigger, what is that itch that you are looking to escape when you get distracted, because that is the source of 90% of our distractions."
- Identify the specific 'internal trigger' or uncomfortable emotion you are trying to escape when you feel the urge to get distracted.
- Master your internal triggers—such as boredom, anxiety, or fatigue—before they become your master.
- Recognize that internal triggers drive 90% of distractions, while external pings and dings only account for 10%.
"Anything you want to do with your time and attention is fine as long as it's done with intent, as long as you're doing it on your schedule, and not someone else's, certainly not the tech company's schedule. So, anything you do with intent is traction, anything else is distraction."
- Turn your values into time by creating a schedule that defines what you intend to do at every moment of the day.
- Define 'traction' as any action that pulls you toward what you planned to do, regardless of whether it is work or leisure.
- Move away from traditional to-do lists, which often lead to prioritizing easy, urgent tasks over hard, important work.
Paul Millerd
"A three month sabbatical is much more attainable than people think. Companies are desperate to keep people and are much more open to things like this these days. And the way I frame it is if you're assuming you're going to work continuously in adulthood, that's about 500 months."
- Negotiate a three-month break with your current employer as a retention strategy.
- Use the time to disconnect from work scripts and see what interests emerge naturally.
- Budget for a sabbatical with the same intentionality used for saving for a home.
"Now, I think I'm very protective of what I do and don't do. This is why it was very easy for me to say no to Penguin. I didn't want to write a second book for them. I want to write a second book the way I did, which was super fun process."
- Prioritize work that you genuinely enjoy doing over work that simply meets external success metrics.
- Say no to prestigious opportunities if the process doesn't align with your desired way of working.
- Protect the fun and personal satisfaction of your creative output to avoid burnout.
Rachel Lockett
"When people are in their gifts and their strengths, they have more energy. We all have more energy when we're operating from the things we naturally are good at."
- Identify which tasks and roles naturally align with your inherent gifts and strengths.
- Take full ownership of navigating your career toward activities that give you energy.
- Create an environment where talent can be successful by focusing on their natural strengths.
Rahul Vohra
"This is a technique that I call the switch lock. It's born out of the observation that your calendar says what you thought you were going to do, but it's really only your trail of work that describes what you actually did."
- Log your actual task switches in real-time to capture a true 'trail of work.'
- Analyze the discrepancy between what your calendar planned and what you actually performed.
- Use your work trail to identify and eliminate low-leverage activities that consume your day.
Shreyas Doshi Live
"at some point, if you haven't already gotten there, many of you have, but for those of you who haven't, you will get there, where your scope will be so large, that no matter what you do in terms of efficiency, whatever framework you use for prioritization, whatever framework or tool you use to manage your to-do list, whatever tools and techniques you use, whatever prioritization you do, your scope is so large that you are still going to be incredibly busy."
- Acknowledge when scope has outpaced the utility of personal productivity tricks.
- Shift focus from managing a high-output to-do list to strategic elimination.
- Solve chronic busyness by reducing scope through a clear product strategy rather than working faster.
Upasna Gautam
"Equanimity is one of my favorite words, it means mental calmness, composure, evenness of temper, especially in crazy, stressful situations. It's the ability to remain un-rattled in like the highest of highs and the lowest of lows. And if you think about it in the dynamic of a workplace or human interaction, it's really the ability to pause before reacting."
- Practice mindfulness to build the self-awareness needed to remain un-rattled by stress.
- Consciously manage your own emotional reactions instead of trying to control others.
- Use equanimity to objectively assess chaos and chart a clear path forward for the team.
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