Team & Organization 12 guests | 20 insights

Giving Effective Feedback

Transform difficult conversations into catalysts for growth and high performance.

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The Guide

5 key steps synthesized from 12 experts.

1

Prepare using the GAIN framework

Start by identifying a shared Goal you both care about. List the observable Actions and behaviors you have seen, then describe the Impact those actions had on the business or team. Use your own emotional reactions as signals to identify what you truly care about in the conflict.

Featured guest perspectives
"It is profoundly more effective and inspiring to frame feedback based on the experiences or results we want to move toward (the gain) instead of focusing only on what we want to move away from (the pain)."
— Lenny Rachitsky
"The challenge is that feedback doesn’t typically show up in our brains in such a crisply articulated, ready-for-prime-time state. It takes some translating to get our raw reactions into a form that’s more likely to have the desired impact (the 'gain')."
— Lenny Rachitsky
"It takes some translating to get our raw reactions into a form that’s more likely to have the desired impact (the 'gain'). That form must include: What both parties ultimately care about (the Goal), What needs to change to get there (the Actions), Why (the Impacts), Who will do what by when to start making progress (Next actions)."
— Lenny Rachitsky
2

Open with empathy and intent

Establish a foundation of support by explicitly stating your care for the individual's long-term success. Acknowledge if the news will be difficult to hear to build immediate rapport and lower defenses. Frame the conversation as a perception of behavior rather than a judgment of character.

Featured guest perspectives
"Hope for the future is so important. I know this is going to be challenging for you to hear, not going to promote you, but I want you to know this. It's really important to me that you're able to succeed in your career here, and so I want to continue to help you find opportunities to build your skills and to advance."
— Alisa Cohn
3

Deliver using 'I' statements

Stay on your side of the net by using phrases like 'what I'm hearing' or 'I perceive you to be.' Describe current behaviors as objective observations rather than character traits. If the recipient is dismissing the message, be prepared to increase your directness while maintaining your personal connection.

Featured guest perspectives
"We don't understand that we are only privy to two out of the three, so I know what's going on for me and I know what I did. I have no idea what happened on your end."
— Carole Robin
"Notice how in raising the issue in this way, she has stayed on her side of the “net,” meaning she has not attributed a motive, imputed any intent, or made any judgment. If she had gone over the net, she would have said, “You always have to have the last word” or “I feel that you don’t know what you want” (which does not have a single feeling word in it), which would likely make him defensive and argumentative."
— Lenny Rachitsky
4

Engage in joint problem-solving

Transition from delivering feedback to a dialogue about solutions. Ask specific, actionable questions to get their perspective and acknowledge your own contributions to the problem. If the relationship feels strained, move past anger to share more vulnerable emotions like concern or fear to initiate repair.

Featured guest perspectives
"You know, Matilda, I want to chat with you about the way you're interacting with your peers. So what I'm hearing from them is that you're missing deadlines on a regular basis and not letting them know you're missing the deadlines, and that also you're not fully keeping your team up to speed. And so they're kind of confused running around. Now, we both know that the most important way you can be successful here and also achieve your goals is to make sure that you are working with your peers in a way that's consistent and that they can count on you and you can count on them."
— Alisa Cohn
"The thing that keeps us from repairing, which really is the idea of going back to a person after a moment we didn't feel proud of, taking responsibility for our part, maybe acknowledging the impact it had on them and talking about what you would do differently the next time, is actually this very false idea that there's a goal to be perfect."
— Dr. Becky Kennedy
5

Close with concrete commitments

End the conversation by agreeing on exactly what will change. Use the 'who, what, by when' technique to ensure next actions are measurable. Explicitly support the recipient's autonomy to decide how they will implement the changes, which can increase their commitment to the outcome.

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Guest Perspectives

Deep dive into what 11 podcast guests shared about giving effective feedback.

Alisa Cohn 3 quotes
Listen to episode →
"You know, Matilda, I want to chat with you about the way you're interacting with your peers. So what I'm hearing from them is that you're missing deadlines on a regular basis and not letting them know you're missing the deadlines, and that also you're not fully keeping your team up to speed. And so they're kind of confused running around. Now, we both know that the most important way you can be successful here and also achieve your goals is to make sure that you are working with your peers in a way that's consistent and that they can count on you and you can count on them."
Tactical:
  • Use phrases like 'what I'm hearing' to cite feedback from multiple sources rather than making the observation feel like a personal attack.
  • Connect the required behavior change directly to the employee's own desire for career success and goal achievement.
  • Conclude the conversation by ensuring there is a clear plan for how the employee will change their specific behavior moving forward.
"Hope for the future is so important. I know this is going to be challenging for you to hear, not going to promote you, but I want you to know this. It's really important to me that you're able to succeed in your career here, and so I want to continue to help you find opportunities to build your skills and to advance."
Tactical:
  • Start the conversation by acknowledging that the news will be difficult to hear to establish immediate empathy.
  • Explicitly state that the decision is not a rejection of the employee's long-term potential at the company.
  • Commit to finding concrete opportunities for the employee to build the specific skills required for their next advancement.
"But at the end of the day, the hope is as a manager, the reason that you're giving someone this so-called constructive feedback is because you're helping them get better. You need them to change the behavior. They'll never get promoted if they keep doing that. They'll never be successful if they keep doing that."
Tactical:
  • Deliver performance feedback with the mindset that you are helping the employee avoid future failure rather than just pointing out mistakes.
  • Ensure poor performance is communicated early and clearly so that a termination is never a surprise to the employee.
  • Lean into tough conversations even when you anticipate an uncomfortable emotional reaction like crying or defensiveness.
View all skills from Alisa Cohn →
Ben Horowitz 1 quote
Listen to episode →
"Look, you're a really good director of engineering because you do a great job at managing the team, get the products out, all that. But you're not really a CTO because to be a CTO, you have to be effective with other parts of the organization. You can't just be effective only with engineering."
Tactical:
  • Address toxic behavior by explaining how it destroys the leader's effectiveness in other departments.
  • Explain that high-level roles require being effective with peers, not just direct reports.
  • Offer to help the executive improve while clearly defining the performance bar for the title.
View all skills from Ben Horowitz →
Carole Robin 1 quote
Listen to episode →
"We don't understand that we are only privy to two out of the three, so I know what's going on for me and I know what I did. I have no idea what happened on your end."
Tactical:
  • Distinguish between true emotional feelings and judgments disguised as "I feel" statements (e.g., "I feel you don't care").
  • Stay on "your side of the net" by only speaking to what you know: your intent and the impact a behavior had on you.
  • Inquire about the other person's reality rather than assuming you know their motivations or the impact of your actions.
View all skills from Carole Robin →
Dr. Becky Kennedy 2 quotes
Listen to episode →
"The thing that keeps us from repairing, which really is the idea of going back to a person after a moment we didn't feel proud of, taking responsibility for our part, maybe acknowledging the impact it had on them and talking about what you would do differently the next time, is actually this very false idea that there's a goal to be perfect."
Tactical:
  • Go back to the person after a moment you aren't proud of.
  • Take full responsibility for your part in the conflict.
  • State clearly what you will do differently next time.
"The idea of being good inside inherently requires us to separate behavior and identity. We infer a lot from people's behavior. Someone's late to work a lot, 'Oh, that person's lazy.' The quickest way to have an unproductive conversation is to lose sight of the fact that someone's good inside."
Tactical:
  • Separate the person's identity from the specific behavior you want to address.
  • Avoid labeling employees with character traits like "lazy" based on performance patterns.
  • Maintain the assumption that the person is "good inside" during feedback sessions.
View all skills from Dr. Becky Kennedy →
Jeetu Patel 1 quote
"Every management book that you read will tell you in public criticize in private. I fundamentally disagree with that notion. What you have to do is, is establish enough trust among the team so that you are comfortable critiquing and debating in public."
Tactical:
  • Build a foundation of trust that allows for open, public debate without personal offense.
  • Encourage the team to 'fast-forward' their thinking to prepare for the technological landscape six months in the future.
  • Prioritize curiosity and 'hunger' over raw intellect when selecting and developing team members.
View all skills from Jeetu Patel →
Jules Walter 1 quote
Listen to episode →
"If you give me feedback, I'll be like, 'Hey, thank you so much. This is super helpful,' because people are like, 'Oh, he actually likes the feedback.' Now, inside my heart might be melting. I'm like, 'Oh, I thought I got better at this.'"
Tactical:
  • Respond to all feedback with immediate and genuine gratitude to signal you are a safe person to criticize.
  • Separate your internal emotional reaction to feedback from your external professional response.
  • Explicitly state that feedback is helpful to encourage a continuous stream of information from peers.
View all skills from Jules Walter →
Kim Scott 2 quotes
Listen to episode →
"Radical Candor is just what happens when you care personally and challenge directly at the same time. And I think it's probably best understood by what it's not because we all fail on one of those two dimensions or both of them multiple times a day."
Tactical:
  • Care personally and challenge directly at the same time.
  • Be specific and sincere when praising or criticizing.
  • Avoid using the 'feedback sandwich' or 'shit sandwich' technique.
"The question that I like to ask is, "What could I do or stop doing that would make it easier to work with me?" Do not write down my question because if you sound like Kim Scott and not like yourself, then other people are not going to believe you want the answer."
Tactical:
  • Ask, "What could I do or stop doing that would make it easier to work with me?"
  • Avoid the generic question, "Do you have any feedback for me?"
  • Put a specific time on your calendar to ask for feedback from a specific person.
View all skills from Kim Scott →
Matt Abrahams 1 quote
Listen to episode →
"Strive for connection over perfection by daring to be dull. Just give the feedback. By doing that, you dial down the volume of self-evaluation, freeing up resources that can be used to really help you succeed."
Tactical:
  • Dial down the volume of self-evaluation to free up mental resources for delivering the message clearly.
  • Approach the feedback task as a simple action rather than a high-stakes performance.
  • Silence the 'standard of perfection' in your head to avoid second-guessing your wording in real-time.
View all skills from Matt Abrahams →
Matt MacInnis 1 quote
Listen to episode →
"Fundamentally, the most selfish thing you can do is withhold feedback from someone. When you think a thought that would help someone improve and you avoid giving it to them because it would make you uncomfortable. Well, you're optimizing for your own comfort, and it's fundamentally selfish."
Tactical:
  • Deliver feedback immediately when you have a thought that could help a team member improve.
  • Stop prioritizing your own comfort when faced with an uncomfortable conversation.
  • View the act of withholding hard truths as a failure of leadership and a sign of team dysfunction.
View all skills from Matt MacInnis →
Matt Mochary 1 quote
Listen to episode →
"Finally she said, 'I perceive you to be an anger.' So it's an I statement and it's simply what she's perceiving. There's no judgment. That was able to punch through my anger and then I woke up and went, oh, and then I stopped and just didn't act until I was able to shift out of anger."
Tactical:
  • Use 'I' statements such as 'I perceive you to be...' to provide feedback on emotional states.
  • Refrain from acting or making decisions while in a state of high emotional intensity.
  • Acknowledge and feel the underlying pain that is often masked by externalized anger.
View all skills from Matt Mochary →
Rachel Lockett 1 quote
Listen to episode →
"There's a misguided view that the goal is to convince the other person that what they're doing is wrong. Actually, the goal of any conflict is to create mutual understanding."
Tactical:
  • Approach difficult conversations with the mindset that professionals have feelings and emotions.
  • Prioritize creating shared understanding over winning an argument.
  • Attune to the body language and tone of the other person to grasp the true nature of the conflict.
View all skills from Rachel Lockett →